Effect of Seaweed-Derived Fucoidans from Undaria pinnatifida and Fucus vesiculosus on Coagulant, Proteolytic, and Phospholipase A2 Activities of Snake Bothrops jararaca, B. jararacussu, and B. neuwiedi Venom
Effect of Seaweed-Derived Fucoidans from Undaria pinnatifida and Fucus vesiculosus on Coagulant, Proteolytic, and Phospholipase A2 Activities of Snake Bothrops jararaca, B. jararacussu, and B. neuwiedi Venom
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Background: Snakebite envenomation (SBE) causes diverse toxic effects in humans, including disability and death.Current antivenom therapies effectively prevent death but fail to block local tissue damage, leading to an increase in the severity of envenomation; thus, seeking alternative treatments is crucial.Methods: This study analyzed the potential of two fucoidan sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown seaweeds Fucus vesiculosus (FVF) and Undaria pinnatifida (UPF) against the fibrinogen or plasma coagulation, proteolytic, and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities of Bothrops Application of Visible/Near Infrared Spectrometers to Quickly Detect the Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Content of Chemical Fertilizers jararaca, B.jararacussu, and B.
neuwiedi venom.The toxicity of FVF and UPF was assessed by the hemocompatibility test.Results: FVF and UPF did not lyse human red blood cells.FVF and UPF inhibited the proteolytic activity of Bothrops jararaca, B.
jararacussu, and B.neuwiedi venom by approximately 25%, 50%, and 75%, respectively, while all venoms led to a 20% inhibition of PLA2 activity.UPF and FVF delayed plasma coagulation caused by the venoms of B.jararaca and B.
neuwiedi but did not affect the activity of B.jararacussu venom.FVF and UPF blocked the coagulation of fibrinogen induced by all these Bothropic venoms.Conclusion: FVF and UPF may be of importance as adjuvants for SBE caused by species of Bothrops, which are the most medically relevant snakebite incidents in South Feasibility study on small cars as an alternative to conventional fleets due to low occupancy: case study in Indonesia America, especially Brazil.